I kī te kaituhi pūtaiao pakiwaitara o Peretānia, a HG Wells: "Ina kite ahau i tētahi tangata pakeke e eke pahikara ana, e kore ahau e ngakaukore mō te heke mai o te tangata." He kōrero rongonui anō tā Eins mō ngā pahikara, e kī ana, "He rite te ao ki te eke pahikara. Ki te hiahia koe kia mau tonu tō taurite, me haere tonu koe ki mua." He tino hiranga ngā pahikara ki te tangata? He pēhea te wā i pakaru ai ngā arai o te karaehe me te ira tangata i roto i te hītori nā te pahikara, e whakamahia ana e te nuinga o te tangata i ēnei rā hei whakaoti i te haerenga "maero whakamutunga"?

I roto i te pukapuka "Pahikara: Te Wīra o te Herekore" nā te kaituhi Peretānia a Robert Payne i tuhi, ka honoa e ia te hītori ahurea me te auahatanga hangarau o ngā pahikara me āna ake kitenga me ōna kare ā-roto hei tangata e aroha ana ki te pahikara me te hunga e aroha ana ki te eke paihikara, e whakatuwhera ana ki a tātou. Kua whakamāramahia e ngā kapua o te hītori ngā kōrero o te herekore i runga i te "Wīra o te Herekore".

I te tau 1900 pea, ka noho ngā pahikara hei huarahi kawe i ia rā mō te miriona tāngata. Mō te wā tuatahi i roto i te hītori o te tangata, ka taea e te hunga mahi te nekeneke haere—i taea hoki e rātou te haereere ki te haere mai, ki te hoki mai, kua takoto kau ngā whare noho tahi i mua he kī tonu, kua whānui haere ngā tāone iti, ā, kua rerekē te āhua o te whenua o ngā tāone maha. Hei tāpiri, kua whānui ake te herekore me ngā whai wāhitanga o ngā wāhine ki te eke pahikara, ā, kua waiho te eke pahikara hei wāhanga hurihanga i roto i te pakanga roa a ngā wāhine mō te pōti.

Kua memeha haere te rongonui o te pahikara i te ao o te motuka. "I waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1970, kua tae te ariā ahurea o te pahikara ki te taumata iti rawa i Peretānia. Kāore i te kitea hei huarahi kawe waka whai hua, engari hei taonga takaro. He kino atu rānei—ko te para o te waka." Ka taea e te pahikara te whakahihiko i te tini o te tangata pērā i tōna hītori, te pupuri i te tokomaha o te tangata ki te whai wāhi ki te hākinakina, te whakawhānui i te āhua, te whānuitanga me te hou o te hākinakina? E whakaaro ana a Payne mēnā kua harikoa koe, kua herekore hoki i a koe e eke pahikara ana, "kātahi ka tohaina e mātou tetahi mea nui: E mōhio ana mātou kei runga i te pahikara ngā mea katoa."

Ko te pānga nui rawa atu pea o ngā pahikara ko tana wawahi i ngā arai pakari o te karaehe me te ira tangata, ā, ko te wairua manapori e kawea mai ana e ia kei tua atu i te mana o taua hapori. Ko te kaituhi Peretānia a HG Wells, i tapaina i mua ko "te toa o te kaieke pahikara" e tētahi kōrero mō tōna oranga, i whakamahi i te pahikara i roto i ētahi o āna pukapuka hei whakaatu i ngā huringa nui o te hapori Peretānia. I whakaputaina "The Wheels of Chance" i te tau 1896 whai rawa. Ko te toa matua a Hoopdriver, he kaiawhina hanga kakahu o te karaehe waenga-iti, i tūtaki ki tētahi wahine o te karaehe waenga-iti i runga i tētahi haerenga pahikara. I wehe atu ia i te kāinga. , "Haere ki te whenua mā te pahikara" hei whakaatu i tōna "herekoretanga". Ka whakamahia e Wells tēnei hei tawai i te pūnaha karaehe pāpori i Peretānia me te pānga o te taenga mai o te pahikara. I runga i te rori, he ōrite a Hoopdriver ki te wahine. Ina eke pahikara koe i te rori whenua i Sussex, ka ngaro noa ngā tikanga pāpori o te kākahu, ngā rōpū, ngā ture, ngā ture me ngā tikanga matatika e tautuhi ana i ngā karaehe rerekē.

Kāore e taea te kī ko ngā pahikara te whakaoho i te kaupapa mana wahine, engari me kī ko te whanaketanga o ngā mea e rua e hangai ana tetahi ki tetahi. Heoi anō, ko te pahikara te wā i huri ai te pakanga roa a ngā wāhine mō te mana pōti. Ko te hiahia o ngā kaihanga pahikara kia eke pahikara hoki ngā wāhine. Kua hangaia e rātou ngā pahikara wāhine mai i ngā tauira tuatahi o te pahikara i te tau 1819. Nā te pahikara haumaru i whakarerekē ngā mea katoa, ā, ko te pahikara te hākinakina tuatahi i tino rongonui ki ngā wāhine. I te tau 1893, tata ki ngā pahikara katoaI hangaia e ngā kaihanga ngā tauira wahine.

 


Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 23-2022